Thursday, July 5, 2012

Puddlejumper


 Today I am being nice and kind to you.  Today, I bring you a nice story from the World of 'make-believe' physics.
If you are really good boys and girls, I will bring you another story.
Perhaps you could tell me what you think is happening to Marion. Then we can get our crayons out...
                                                                                                                                                          


Marian looked down into the water around her feet and saw her reflection looking back up at her.
A wave of giddiness swept her up so that she felt, briefly, for something to hold on to but it evaded her—as she knew it would, she had just left the bank where she worked, there was no railing, or pillar, near her.
She paused to get her breath, recalling that, just for a fleeting moment, there had been a face, besides hers, looking up at her from the mirror of the water.
Taking another deep breath she turned to look at the bank, wondering, perhaps, if she should go back inside to telephone for a Doctor since she felt quite dizzy and disoriented.
There was no bank.
Just a muddy track leading between trees and bushes. She looked to her front, there was an old tumbledown shack with a crumbling porch in the distance; to the sides there were more trees and more bushes.
“Oh, God! I’m in the country! In my high heels!” As soon as she said it she knew how stupid it would sound. More to the point was, “How did I get here from the middle of the city?”
She looked around some more.
“And where is ‘here’?” She felt her shoulders go down. She had been kidnapped, or something, in the blink of an eye.

*   *   *   *   *

“Good morning, Marian.”
“Good morning, Alice.”
“Shame to be indoors on a day like this. We should be on the beach or sipping lemonade on the front porch at home,” Alice said.
Alice was always perky; she was also a country girl. Marian deplored the country and stayed as far as possible away from it at all times.
Alice was skinny, she bounced around everywhere. She was always full of energy. Marian was somewhat chunky and prosaic. She liked to take things more calmly and logically. Her idea of a nice afternoon was to curl up in front of the television with a bag of something tasty.
They were both smart, well dressed girls. Alice was a year or two senior to Marian’s mid twenties. They both worked out two or three times a week and, generally, together.
Today Alice had a strange thought process going on. Marian shook her head wondering where Alice got these ideas.
“Have you ever wondered what is the other side of the mirror?” Alice asked her over their sandwich at lunchtime, “It’s just that it would be really neat if we could nip into the mirror and hide there to see what other people thought of us when they come in and comb their hair.”
Marian looked sideways at Alice, “I think that when people come in to comb their hair they comb their hair and worry about what that looks like. Why would they talk about us?”
“No, no. They gossip. They say things to each other about other people,” Alice insisted.
“But not necessarily about us,” Marian was firm on this point, “Besides, you could always rig up a two-way mirror and a microphone. In fact, just the microphone would be enough.”
“We should want to see their faces. You can tell a lot about people from their expression when they talk—especially about other people. We could start an ‘Intra-Bank News Sheet’, couldn’t we? About all the gossip?”
“Men gossip, too. You should put one of these traps in their room, perhaps. Just to be fair,” Marian observed.
“Oh, my!” Alice had the grace to blush, “What if we saw more than we should?”
“Unlikely. Most men have trouble getting it past their zippers!” Marian smiled at Alice knowing she was ‘saving herself’ for a ‘special man’.
“Marian!” Alice’s eyebrows went up like rockets as did her hand to her mouth, “How can you say such things? How do you know?”
Marian was apt to taunt Alice a little, playing on her chaste mind, “How will you know that your ‘special man’ is special if you don’t examine him first. Perhaps I could do it for you and make recommendations?”
Alice giggled, still blushing furiously.
Marian picked up her ‘Subway’ roll and began stroking it suggestively, “Now this is what I should call a ‘special man’!”
Her coffee spurted out of Alice’s nose as she snorted her laughter around the edge of the cup, “Marian,” she choked, “You are incorrigible.”
“Indeed,” Marian agreed, “But it straightens out when I stand up.”

They adjusted their make-up, smoothed down their skirts and went back to work. Just another day at the office.
All afternoon, Marian kept thinking about this idea of Alice’s; what is behind the mirror. ‘Silliness,’ She thought, ‘Everyone knows that the only thing in the mirror is the reflection of what is in front of it.’ She had done ‘Optics’ at school as part of her physics studies; she certainly wasn’t given to strange flights of fancies. And yet...
By the time five o’clock had come around she had forgotten all about it. Her mind was now on cleaning up her desk. She liked to leave it as she would want to see it in the morning. Next phase of the plan was to go and get something to eat.
Marian stood at the main door of the bank looking out at the street beyond. It had been raining heavily, something she had not noticed from inside. No umbrella but the sky looked as if it was clearing now. Walk down half a dozen wet steps and then along the pavement; but should she turn left towards the burger restaurant or right towards the new salad bar.
Decisions. She had a good salad with her roll at lunch so she elected to turn left and head towards the burger restaurant.
Just as she was about to drop off the bottom step she noticed there was a large puddle. There came a vague recollection of having seen water there before after rain so, knowing it was quite shallow, she put her foot in it.

*   *   *   *   *

The shack looked empty. She was so uncomfortable tripping along this rutted track in her high heels. The steps up to the front door were broken, clearly untended for years. The veranda was shabby and peeling, the whole place looked as if it was about to collapse at any minute.
Marian was frightened. She had no comprehension of how she had come into this situation and even less idea of what her situation was.
The plots of several horror stories that she had seen sprang to mind. Her hands were cold and sweaty, her stomach was in knots of fear and her muscles were freezing up so that she could barely move.
“Who are you?” A wheezy old voice spoke to her.
Marian nearly collapsed with the shock. She put her hands out in front of her to stop herself falling over, trying to regain her balance. Her face was contorted in fear, her eyes staring and her lungs scraping air in spasms down her throat after the first tortured cry.
“I’m sorry,” she managed to blurt out, “I didn’t know anyone was here. It all seemed deserted.”
Marian looked around desperately seeking out the source of the voice. Nothing. She could see nobody.
“I am here, young girlie,” the voice spoke again, “You will not be harmed. Ha! I am far too old to cause hurt to a fit looking young lady such as yourself.”
Marian peered up on to the veranda. The far end was in the gloom of several trees overhanging the stubby roof. A rocking chair began to slowly tilt to and fro; the collection of rags on it moved with it but the top had an independent motion. Marian walked slowly, hesitantly, down the grass towards that end of the porch.
“Why do you not come up here with me?” the voice asked her.
“I’m not sure if the wood will take my weight,” she answered through a mouth still parched with fear.
“It is stronger than it looks, my dear. You will be safe. Step up here with me I have water. Cool, sweet, water. You sound thirsty.”
It seemed to Marian that she little choice. She had no clue where she was or why she was there. At least this... person could tell her the ‘where’. She hoped.
She went up the steps, one by one, very carefully. Two out of the five creaked very painfully but held. Over by the front door was a mat; it said ‘WELCOME’ on it—backwards. ‘It must,’ she thought, ‘be some sort of local idiosyncrasy’. She walked slowly down the veranda until she came to the rocking chair.
A severely wrinkled face with kind eyes looked up at her.
“What is your name, child?” the old person asked her.
“Marian... er... ,” she tried to decide if the person looking at her was a man or a woman.
“I am Claire. Will you play with me?”
“What would you like to play,” Marian thought that humouring the old lady was the safest way.
“Are you my new Mammy?” The old woman asked her.
“Uh, no. I’ve just got here,” Marian was really puzzled by that. Surely this old lady’s Mother must have died long ago.
“My Mammy just went to the next world. Did you come down to replace her?”
“No, no. I have no idea where I am or how I got here.”
“I need a Mammy. You must have come to look after me from the other world.”
“What is this other world? I do not understand what you mean,” Marian was beginning to panic again.
The old lady reached down and picked up a large bowl in shaking hands. There was about an inch of water in it.
“Look,” she said, “Look into the bowl of water and tell me what you see.”
Marian edged forward and looked. She could see nothing but her own reflection and said so.
“Aaah! The other world—the other you. You have crossed over to look after me. You are my new Mammy.”

From then on until the end of her life, Marian spent every opportunity to stand, patiently, in every puddle she could find.
But she could never find a way home.

Saturday, June 9, 2012

Fact & Fantasy - Again!




A little while ago, in this ‘Blog’, there was a consideration of the difference between science fiction and science fact. How the two sometimes don’t quite gel when we authors are looking for effect.

We have seen how, in popular films such as ‘Star Wars’, there is a need to add sound effects to scenes set in outer space. We know for a certainty that we could not, in reality, hear sounds because there is nothing in space to transmit the necessary vibrations.
I will amend that last statement. We know that space contains matter. We can make a statement that absolute vacuum is defined as one molecule per cubic metre. So space is not ‘absolutely’ empty.
Fine. But this is insufficient material of any sort to transmit sound waves.
Nevertheless we feel it necessary to pump up the drama by adding sound effects - weapons fire and rocket motors, primarily.

There was also discussion about science fiction and fantasy.
My argument is that science fiction is largely fantasy. The idea of being able to hear weapons fire in deep space is fantastic. It is fantasy.
Given our current levels of scientific and technological advances we are unable to resume human movement towards the moon let alone any other planet and certainly not to interstellar regions.
We are stuck here. This is where we live and this is where we shall stay for the foreseeable future.
Sorry if you find that depressing but it is science fact. Anything beyond that is fiction.
These tales of visits to outer space, of flitting between planets, of wars and adventures with alien beings is all in the imagination.
It is fantasy.
True, we can incorporate the odd bits of science fact to make it more ‘realistic’ but it remains fantasy nonetheless.

In ‘Crater’ the idea was that the aliens came here. Certainly they did not come here with our well-being in their hearts – or what serves as heart to such entities. We could then reverse engineer their craft to give us the capability to travel through space.
We could look at that for a moment.

Ever since the alleged incident at Roswell there has been an all-consuming desire to meet with aliens; that aliens have visited us and have done so for many years. Indeed, there is even a programme, a popular one I am told, that purports to prove that aliens not only visited us in ancient times but that they were responsible for technical and scientific advances. That they assisted in the construction of mystical edifices. Stonehenge is, I believe, one such place.
Perhaps they also were responsible for the ley-lines and the magic of Glastonbury Tor.
Perhaps we shall never know.
For their part, the ‘believers’, there is a body of people who claim to have been abducted by aliens. This has been revealed to us mere mortals by the use of hypnotherapy. This is a quasi-science with which I have no truck
The argument against this comes in three parts:
Firstly, people under hypnosis can come up with all sorts of nonsense at the behest of the hypnotist. I understand that hypnotism can be very useful, very therapeutic. It has, no doubt, been used to great effect to help people in all sorts of ways from sleep disorders to giving up smoking to dietary solutions.
But.
Stories of alien abduction are not something that appeals to my sense of ‘evidence’.
Because.
Secondly, there are also stories of people being abused as children that are revealed by hypnosis. One poor man was accused of abusing his own child as a result of the child denouncing him under hypnosis. He was locked up for this crime but, eventually (once his life had been irrevocably ruined), he was released when his innocence was proven.
One wonders how the child felt about that.
I am curious to see what would happen if a hypnotist who specialised in child abuse and another one who specialised in alien abductions were to ‘cross over’ as it were. Perhaps we should see lots of children being abducted and abused by aliens.
What is the law governing alien paedophilia, one wonders?
Thirdly, the stories of alien abduction all seem to come from the USA. The way I see that is that the USA has more hypnotists than anyone else...

Just one more thing while we are thinking along these lines.
Aliens have never visited us.
Oh, sorry. Does that ruffle a feather or two?
Well, the thing is, that there are thousands of astronomers, amateur and professional, who are constantly looking up at the sky using everything from smoked glass to a billion dollars worth of optical and radio telescopes.
We also have the Hubble telescope that sees all sorts of wonderful – and mysterious things. None of them have seen an alien craft.
Agreed, the aliens could be using cloaking technology and wonderful radio frequencies undetectable to human devices.
Or they are just not there.

Why don’t they visit? Why don’t they simply come down and shake hands? They have spent vast fortunes on research and development; huge sums of their currency on fuel; risked life and tentacle to get here just to hide or abduct some poor wight. Perhaps they get their kicks out of making weird light patterns in the sky; maybe they are teenagers on some sort of illicit drug who are saying, “Let’s mystify these idiot Earthlings...”

The vast majority of people on Earth believe in some form of ethereal deity (me included). People who don’t are equally entitled to that view. There is great argument and mockery exchanged between these two camps much as there is between the ‘pro-Alien’ and ‘con-Alien’ camps.
When it comes to aliens I want proof. I want somebody to come back with an alien implant that ‘they’ have inserted into the abductee’s body during their ‘examinations’. It will be different, in subtle ways, from anything produced or manufactured on Earth. We can tell.
Why do I need proof of aliens and not of a deity? Because a deity is based on faith and gives me comfort. I’m old – tolerate it! Aliens are, effectively, solid and substantial living beings with blood, guts and brains. They have to leave evidence.

We constantly discover that the things we thought we knew are no longer valid or accurate. Things, scientific facts, that we were told as children now turn out to be not quite as they were thought to be.
Science is constantly modifying, finding new things rethinking old ideas.
This is how it should be. The days of persecuting people like Galileo should be a thing of the past but they are not.
Most of us live large portions of our lives harmlessly engaged in some sort of fantasy world. One of the biggest fantasies is that the knowledge of alien visitation is being withheld from us by Governmental conspiracies.
Nobody, just nobody, Government or not, can keep a secret held by so many people for so long. Nobody.

Conspiracies, fantasies, aliens visiting and abducting us, magical ley-lines and sounds travelling through space.
Fantasy.
The root of science fiction
Dragons and all.

Tuesday, May 1, 2012

GENRE



At the last stop-over into the realms of Sci-Fi we thought about the difference between science fact and science fiction. We – I, really, considered that science fiction, no matter how it is sub-classified by the various genre police departments, is fantasy.

You can argue that, if you wish.  You can say that fantasy is dragons and fair maidens being bound up and ravished by evil-doers.

You might say that fantasy is a series of vampire stories or a tale of the relationship between lycanthropes and vampires – if there were to be one.
Science fiction, on the other hand, is deep space and powerful spaceships thrusting out into the new frontier and limitless adventure.

Anne McCaffrey, bless her imaginative late soul, wrote a fantasy story about dragons.  These were the chronicles of the Dragon Riders of Pern in various stages.
I say ‘various stages’ because Anne McCaffrey did a very clever thing. The story started very simply. It told a tale of the dragon riders and how they came to get their dragons and why they needed them against the ‘Thread’.
With each subsequent book we learnt more about life on the planet ‘Pern’. The social ordefr came into sharper focus so that, eventually, we knew what they were doing and why.  Except for the Southern Continent.
The south was always a mysterious zone but, even that, eventually bubbled to the surface so that the story of their (humans) arrival on Pern became clear. It also became clear how the different Weyrs and Dragonholds came into being.

It also became clear that Ann McCaffrey was actually writing Science Fiction.
How clever. How magnificent.

So you see how the lines become blurred?

Fantasy is anything that doesn’t currently exist being imagined and turned into reality on the page.
Maybe we can imagine that things that once existed return to plague us in the way of ‘Jurassic Park’. Would that be fantasy or sci-fi?

I remember some time ago having a (written, of course) discussion with another author called Janie Bill about ‘genre’ and how I hate the stereotyping it promotes.
She was, of course, quite right in her assertion that it helps people find the subject matter in a book that they are looking for and enjoy on a regular basis.
I still don’t have to like it.

I like to think of my novel as being sci-fi even ‘though there are no spaceships – well, very few, in it. My publisher says it is more fantasy.  I countered with, “It’s a who-dunnit!”
That got a laugh! Rats.
But it is, in reality, a sci-fi, fantasy, sexy, who-done-it that is violent and adventurous with a dash of humour. What more could anybody want?

Sunday, January 22, 2012

Science Fiction or Science Fact: Some Ideas

   
There are two factions here.

One is science fact for which we hold the likes of Neil deGrasse Tyson in high regard.

The second is science fiction. Here I hold me in high regard – modesty notwithstanding.

To be really fair, I tend to write science fiction with a splash of fantasy but without dragons and stuff. These are things I like to leave to others. Princesses? Well, OK, but not as such - they are more your average stunning and curvaceous beauty.


How much science fact is there in science fiction?

Honestly?

Not much, really. To be brutally honest with you, the only real science fiction that became science fact was Arthur C Clarke’s idea for orbital and geostationary satellites.

Yes, I am aware that there have been odd things that come up from time to time. People in ‘Star Trek’ wandering about with iPads, for example, spring to mind. There are lots of others but these are not science fiction ideas becoming science fact on the grand scale of things.


Let’s look at a couple of common ones, ones that I have used as well as several other writers. This is an excerpt from “The Adepts: Book 3 – Pitch Perfect”:

Robinson heard the crack as the lock failed. He dropped his broom and looked towards the main door - eyes wide in panic; he was too late. The outer cargo doors snapped open, the rush of air swept Robinson out into vacuum. Instantly, the blast doors slammed shut to prevent the ship decompressing. He was caught by the lower legs. The pain coursing up his body was like liquid fire engulfing him. He had a brief moment to see the stars burning brightly against the blackness of space before his eyes froze over and boiled off; then the blood in his body also boiled and shut down his brain functions in one overwhelming burst of agony that took the rest of his life to dissipate.”

This is, of course, arrant nonsense. It is used solely for ‘dramatic effect’ as most things in science fiction and fantasy are.



Let’s look at the truth.

One of the hardest things to do in space is getting rid of heat. Why? Because there is nothing to take it away. No air for convection and no metals for conduction. The best you could hope for is to radiate the heat away. A big risk with space ships is overheating.

This means that the likelihood of your eyeballs freezing over is nil – in the short term, anyway.

What about your blood boiling? Unlikely. Your skin is pretty tough so although the external pressure drop would cause the boiling point of the water in your body to become zero degrees centigrade the skin will prevent the pressure in your circulatory system from dropping too much. Your skin will prevent your blood from boiling off. In any case, you also can’t get rid of the heat so it won’t freeze.

It is possible that the water on your tongue might evaporate off and, likewise, your eyes might dry out a bit unless you keep them shut.

So what is it that will kill you?

A diver coming up from depth, having been breathing pressurized air, will require to breathe out all the way to the surface to prevent his lungs bursting. In this way you might find that holding your breath in space is a bad idea. With no air to replace that expelled you will find yourself de-oxygenating fairly quickly. Once all the air has gone from your lungs there will be a pause of around 12 to 15 seconds (which is how long blood takes to get from the lungs to the brain depending on heart rate – pulse. This is likely to be quite rapid given the circumstances!) and then the brain de-oxygenates. It is all downhill from there.

Sadly, there is no freezing, shrivelling up or exploding going on. People and animals have survived decompression to near zero pressure for sustained periods with no ill effects.

Sorry.


Weapons. Oh, dear. We could go on forever about this.

In “Deep Space Squadron” I wrote about the vibration felt through the hull from the recoil of the great guns on the battleships. Realistically, this is not going to happen with ‘speed of light’ weapons.

Consider ‘laser beams’ as we see on ‘Star Trek’ and such. Lasers do not, in reality, require much energy to produce; they are focussed light beams. Yes, we use lasers to remove hair and tattoos but they really only warm the skin a bit. Destroying a battleship – or even a rowing boat, with one is hardly credible.

I have heard the argument about ‘particle beams’ but even those are massless quantities because they are travelling at the speed of light. If they had mass, according to Einstein, they would be unable to travel at ‘C’ (Speed of Light = C).

My excuse, in ‘Deep Space Squadron’, is that the plasma guns are using explosive gasses to hurl the projectile ball out of the cannon barrel, which is there solely to focus and accelerate the plasma ball. It is the explosive gasses that create the ‘recoil’.

Similarly, the Payan Warriors in “The Adepts” series use a small pistol that throws energy in a similar fashion. It takes a while to ‘charge’ because the gasses needed to hurl the ‘bolt’ have to build up in the chamber; because, in both cases – the Battleship cannons and the pistol, the plasma has an innate desire to remain stationary the force required to push it out of the barrel is considerable. Hence, recoil.

In practical terms, the best weapons for use in space are still solid projectiles – torpedoes, cannon balls and such. Or, as in “Deep Space Squadron”, spare asteroids!


Let’s look at manoeuvring.

In “Crater” and my other ‘space operas’ there are spaceships. These are, in some cases big. Huge, even.

The Battleships and Heavy Cruisers are twelve to fourteen kilometres long. In “Crater” the enemy has a thrust nozzle cluster at the back which somebody remarks is “...the size of Spain!”

In terrestrial terms a long ship like a fuel tanker can take twenty miles to stop. The engines are not very powerful. They also take fifty miles, in some cases, to turn completely around.

Why?

The stress loads on the hull are huge once you start diverting it from its straight path. The tanker wants to bend in the middle, something the designers have not intended it should do.

For this reason there are strengthening factors built into the hull to counter ‘manoeuvring stresses’.

Aeroplanes, too, have their problems in this regard. Aeroplanes (‘airplanes’ in the US where they have their own vernacular) need to be as light as possible; weight is the enemy of flight. And yet they need to be swung around in the air. Small aircraft are easier, big aircraft need strengthening to prevent them from breaking up in flight.

Vast spaceships will also try to bend if they are steered in too tight a circle. It is also wise to bank the ship so that the direction of turn keeps the turning forces along the stress lines of the craft where it is designed to take the loads.



Things are not quite as they seem in science fiction.

Another thing about space ships.

I like to use ‘foldspace’ to go faster than light.

‘Faster Than Light’ (FTL) is a dream that is unlikely to be fulfilled in the near future unless someone comes up with a theorem that disproves Einstein!

So, we pull two parts of space together and slide from one part to the other. This uses huge amounts of (nuclear) energy.

Problem.

Small ships need to go very fast – probably about 0.6C, to go into fold or the front will enter the other part of space so far ahead of the back of the ship that the whole thing will be pulled apart. Very bad for the crew, that.

Some commercial freighters try to do it slower to save fuel but the effect of even a small reduction of speed is to distort the hull, weakening it disastrously.

To get up to 0.6C takes a lot of fuel. A lot!

Now think of a Battleship or Heavy Cruiser fourteen kilometres long.

Minimum transition speed into fold will be along the lines of 0.75C. Accelerating a mass of that size to that speed will take an enormous amount of fuel. They definitely need civilian charter tankers around!




We say we write science fiction or fantasy but, for the most part, science fiction is fantasy.



It is just as much fantasy as A.A.Milne’s ‘Christopher Robin’ who was very, very sick. Milne wrote that “Christopher had gone down with Alice...”

An old form of AIDS, perhaps?


Damn! I’m fantasizing again!